What Are the Applications of Infrared Sensors

Infrared sensors are exposed to photons in the form of light, which affect the production of electron-hole pairs. If the energy (HV) of the falling photon is greater than the energy gap (E g ) of the semiconductor material, electron-hole pairs are created near the depletion region of the diode. Due to the electric field of the junction, the generated electron-hole pairs separate from each other before recombining. The direction of the electric field in the diode forces the electrons to move towards the n-side and therefore the holes towards the p-side. An increase in the electromotive force is observed due to the increase in the number of electrons on the n-side and the number of holes on the p-side. Now, when an external load is connected to the system, current can be observed flowing through it.

Infrared 1. Soot concentration monitoring

Preventing industrial smoke and dust pollution is one of the important tasks of environmental protection. To eliminate it, it is first necessary to know the amount of soot emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the source of smoke and dust, display it automatically, and alarm if it exceeds the standard. The turbidity of soot in the flue is detected by the magnitude of the change in light transmission in the flue. If increased, the light emitted by the light source is absorbed and refracted by the soot particles, and less light reaches the photodetector. Therefore, the intensity of the output signal of the photodetector can reflect the change in flue turbidity.

Infrared 2. Barcode scanner

When the scanning pen moves on the barcode, if it encounters a black line, the light of the light-emitting diode will be absorbed by the black line, and the phototransistor will not receive the reflected light, showing a high impedance and being in a cut-off state. When encountering the white light interval, the light emitted by the LED is reflected the base of the phototransistor, and the photocurrent is turned on. After scanning the entire barcode, the phototransistor transforms the barcode into an electrical pulse signal, which is amplified and reshaped to form a pulse train, which is finally processed by the computer to complete the identification of the barcode information.

Infrared 3. Product counter

When the product is running on the conveyor belt, it constantly shields the light path from the light source to the photoelectric sensor, so that the photoelectric pulse circuit generates an electric pulse signal. Each time it is shaded by the product, the photoelectric sensor circuit generates a pulse signal. Therefore, the number of output pulses represents the number of products. The pulses are counted by the counting circuit and displayed by the display circuit.

Infrared 4. Photoelectric smoke detector

When there is no smoke, the light from the LED travels in a straight line and the phototransistor does not receive the signal. When there is no output but there is smoke, the light emitted by the LED is refracted by the smoke particles, so that the triode receives the light, and there is a signal output to issue an alarm.

Infrared 5. Speed measurement

The shaft of the motor is painted black and white. When rotated, reflected light and non-reflected light alternate. Correspondingly, the photoelectric sensor receives the reflected light signal intermittently, and outputs the intermittent electrical signal, which is amplified by the amplifier and the shaping circuit. The square wave signal is shaped and output, and finally the motor speed is output by the electronic digital display.

Infrared 6. Photoelectric detection and automatic control

Photocell When a photocell is used as a photodetector, its basic principle is the same as that of a photodiode, but its basic structure and manufacturing process are not exactly the same. Since photovoltaic cells do not require external voltage during operation, they have the advantages of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, wide spectral range, good frequency characteristics, and low noise. They are widely used in photoelectric readout, photoelectric coupling, grating ranging, laser alignment, and thin-film sound. Recovery, UV monitors and flameout protection for gas turbines, etc.

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